Sand diggers on the Vistula bank by Wybrzeże Kościuszkowskie, looking towards the railway bridge, 1920s
Wisłostrada beside Świętokrzyski Bridge in 2007, before the science centre was built over the road
The science centre under construction during the Vistula flood of May 2010
The completed science centre by Świętokrzyski Bridge, with the National Stadium across the river, 2014
The rebuilt Vistula boulevard in front of the science centre, 2017
The science centre seen from the river, with a moored barge, 2022
For most of the 20th century this stretch of the Powiśle riverbank was a sandy embankment and, later, the route of the Wisłostrada riverside expressway. The Copernicus Science Centre was built in 2008–2010 over a newly extended tunnel that took the expressway underground, and its planetarium opened in 2011. In the 2010s the riverside promenades were rebuilt as the Vistula boulevards, now one of the city's busiest public spaces.